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IELTS reading passage – Tidal power
Tidal Power
Undersea turbines that generate electricity from waves are becoming a major source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too earlier to anticipate the extent of the consequence they may have, but there are all indications that they may play an important role in the future.
Operating according to the same principle as wind turbines, Ans for Q18 the force of sea turbines comes from wave currents, which turn blades like propellers on ships, but, unlike wind, the waves are predictable and the power input is stable. Ans for Q15 The technology increases the possibility of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically lowers its carbon dioxide emissions. If tidal, wind and tidal power all grow, Britain will be able to close gas, coal, and nuclear power plants and export renewable energy to other parts of Europe. Ans for Q16 Not like wind power, which Britain first created and then quit 20 years later, letting the Dutch turn it into a large industry, submarine turbines could generate large export revenue for island nations like Japan and New Zealand.
Tidal bases have already been determined that will deliver one-sixth or more of the UK’s energy and reduce the cost of competing with current gas turbines and the already dilapidated nuclear industry. One site alone, Ans for Q17 Pentland Firth, between Orkney and Scotland’s mainland, could generate 10% of the country’s electricity from the shores of submarine turbines, and three times more than the 1,200 megawatts at Britain’s biggest and unknown nuclear power plant on the Channel Islands, Alderney. , Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Ans for Q14 Further sites identified contain the Bristol Canal and the west coast of Scotland, especially between Campbelltown and Northern Ireland.
Ans for Q19 Work on the plans for the latest turbine blades and bases is well underway at the University of Southampton’s Sustainable Energy Research Committee. The first station is desired to be set up soon in Lynmouth, Devon, to test the technology in an effort to co-finance trade and industry and the EU. Abubakr Bahaj, who is the head of the Southampton study, says the potential for energy from tidal currents is much better than from wind because water flows are predictable and stable. Technology for dealing with seawater hostile salinity was formed in the North Sea oil industry and is already known for turbine blade design due to wind and ship propulsion. There are some technical issues, but I hope that in the next five to ten years we will establish commercial sea turbine farms. Ans for Q20 Southampton was awarded £ 215,000 over three years to build the turbines and is functioning with IT power subsidiary Marine Current Turbines on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now determined possible sites for 106 wave power, with 80% located around the UK coast. Ans for Q22 The finest sites are between islands or about more inland beaches where there are powerful tidal currents.
A sea turbine blade should be only one-third the size of a wind turbine generator to deliver thrice as much power. Ans for Q23 The blades are about 20 meters in diameter, so about 30 meters of water is needed. Unlike wind energy, environmental resistance is unlikely. Fish and other creatures are thought to be less likely to be endangered by relatively slow-moving blades. Ans for Q24 Each turbine will be placed on a tower, which will be connected to the national power supply grid through undersea cables. The towers are designed to stick out of the water and burn, alert shipping, Ans for Q25 take it out of the water for maintenance, and to clean the sponge from blades.
Dr. Bahaj has accomplished a lot of work on the Alderney site, where there are strong currents. The single-submarine turbine farm will create more power than the Channel Islands need, and most will be injected into the French grid and re-imported to Britain through cable under the channel.
Technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure causes air bubbles behind the turning plate. These can generate vibrations and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr. Bahaj stated, ‘We need to sample several blade types to prevent this from occurring or at least make sure it does not harm the turbines or lower performance. Ans for Q26 One more minor problem is the submerged waste floating on the blades. So far, we couldn’t get to know the level of consequence it might be. The turbines need to be made stronger because the sea is a hostile environment, but all indications are good that it can be done.
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Question (14 – 17)
This reading passage has six paragraphs, A–F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-F, as your answer to each question.Note: You may use any letter more than once.
14. Other sites identified contain the Bristol Canal and the west coast of Scotland.
15. Technology raises the chance of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically lowers its carbon dioxide emissions.
16. Unlike wind power, which Britain first created and then quit 20 years later.
17. Pentland Firth, between Orkney and Scotland’s mainland, could generate 10% of the country’s electricity from the shores of submarine turbines.
Question (18 – 22)
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
Write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO, if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
18. The force of sea turbines comes from wave currents, which turn blades like propellers on ships.
19. Work on the plans for the old turbine blades and bases is well underway at the University of Southampton’s Sustainable Energy Research Committee.
20. Southampton was awarded £ 216,000 over three years to build the turbines
21. Undersea turbines can replace all other types of energy in the UK.
22. The best sites are between islands or more inland beaches where there are powerful tidal currents.
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Question (23 – 26)
Choose the correct letter, A – D
23. The blades are about 20 meters in diameter, so about
A. 20 meters of water required
B. 25 meters of water needed
C. 30 meters of water is needed
D. 10 meters of water is needed
24. Each turbine will be placed on a tower, connected to the national power supply grid through
A. undersea cables
B. channel
C. turning plate
D. turbine blades
25. Towers take out of the water for maintenance, and to clean the
A. turbine
B. cables
C. sea
D. sponge from blades
13. One more minor drawback is the submerged waste
A. floating on the blades
B. found in the sea
C. observed by the turbine
D. stuck in the blades
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Solution for Q14 – Paragraph B
Solution for Q15 – Paragraph A .
Solution for Q16 – Paragraph A
Solution for Q17 – Paragraph B
Solution for Q18 – Yes
Solution for Q19 – No
Solution for Q20 – No
Solution for Q21 – Not given
Solution for Q22 – Yes
Solution for 23 – C. 30 meters of water is needed
Solution for Q24 – A. undersea cables
Solution for Q25 – D. sponge from blades
Solution for Q26 – A. floating on the blades
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