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IELTS Reading Passage – Play is a serious business
Play is a serious business
A. Playing is a serious business. Children preoccupied in an imaginary world, like play fighting between fox cubs or kittens teasing a ball of string are not just for having fun. Play may seem to be an unworried and cheerful way to pass the time previous to the hard work of adulthood comes beside, but there is much more to it than that. As a start , even animals too cost their lives.death among juvenile for seals occurs around eighty percent because playing pups fails to spot bloodsuckers approaching. It is also exceedingly high-cost in the terms of energy. Young animals which are playful use around two or three percent of their energy skip, and in children that figure can be nearer to fifteen percent. ‘Even two or three percent seems too high. John Byers of Idaho University says ‘ there must be a reason like you just do not find animals are wasting energy.
B. But if play is not plainly a growth hiccup, as ecologists once thought, why did it develop? The newest idea hints that play has progressed to build big brains. Also can say that playing makes you clever, playfulness. It looks in general only among mammals,although some of the bigger brained birds also wallow in. Animals at play frequently use individual signs-tail-wagging in dogs , for example- to specify that the behaviour apparently comes together with adult behaviour is not really in earnest. A famous explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles extend the skills they will have to hunt, mate and environmentalist as adults. One mre has been that it allows young animals to get in form for adult life by developing their respiratory endurance. In recent years All these ideas have been questioned.
C. Let’s take the theory of exercise, if play build muscle or it evolved a kind of bearing training, then you would anticipate to see permanent advantages.but byers points out that the advantage of higher exercise vanish fastly after tutoring stops, so any advance in tolerance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood. If the function of play was to get into the order,’ says Byers, ‘ the best time for playing would turn on when it was most superior for the young of a specific species to do so. But it does not work like that’ over type, play tends to peak about partially through the nurture stage and then decline.
D. Later there is the skills- coaching theory. At first, playing animals do look to rehearse the complex feint they will need in adulthood. But a nearer look over disclose this elucidation as too innocent. In a study environmentalist Tim Caro from the university of california, saw the ravening play of kittens and their raptorial action when they reached adulthood. He found that the way the cats played had no notable effect on their hunting prowess in behind life.
E. In the beginning of this year, sergio pellis of lethbridge university, canada, in general among mammals there was a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness. He and his team have found that the larger brains are linked to higher playfulness. The talk was also found to be true. Robert Barton of Durham University believes that large brains are more sensitive to evolution than smaller brains. It requires more help to mould them for adulthood. ‘ I come to an end it is to do with learning and with the significance of domain data to the brain during growth’, he says.
F. Byers, according to him an important clue to what’s going on is at the timing of the playful stage of young animals. If you pointed out the sum of time a juvenile devotes to play every day over the- route of it is extended , you found a design commonly related with a sensitive period – a brief development window at time during which the brain can literally be change in the ways that are not possible in beginning or behind the life. Think of the comparative ease with which young children-but not newborn or adults- soak up language. Other analysts have found that play in cats , rats and mice is at its most great just as this ‘ window of opportunity’ holds out its peak.
G. People were not aware enough about how the brain is activated by play, says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff while playing he has found coyote pups and he found the behaviour was more variable and unpredictable than the adults. He reasons that, With such behaviour it activates many different parts of the brain. In between the activity animals are jumping rapidly. Bekoff likens it to a behavioural kaleidoscope. He says from Predation, aggression, reproduction like this different contexts to a lot of behaviour they use. Their growing brain activates all sorts.
H. More than suspected, more brain has been involved not only in play, but it also looks to operate soaring cognitive procedures. Bekoff says that there is a vast cognitive participation in play. He specifies that play frequently involves complex appraisal of playmates, the plan of reciprocity and the use of special signals and rules. Bekoff believes that play generates a brain that has much behavioral elasticity and increased capability for learning behind time in life. Stephen Siviy from Gettysburg college backed up this idea. Stephen Siviy studied how play affected the brain’s levels especially for chemicals associated with the encouragement and growth of nerve cells. By seeing the extent of the activation he was surpeised. He also says that “play just light everthing up”. Normally communication with each other allows link-ups between brain areas. Play might enhance creativity.
I. Among today’s society what the extra demonstration can suggest to them for the way children are raised. Rat pups contradict the chance to grow smaller brain bits and failed to expand the ability to appeal social rules when they interlinked with their squint. Who knows what the result of when from the beginning of schooling earlier it becomes more exam related, then play is probable to get even low of a look-in.
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Play is a serious business reading questions
Questions 1-6
Reading Passage has nine paragraphs labelled A-I. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 ____the way play causes unusual connections in the brain which are beneficial
2 ____ insights from recording how much time young animals spend playing
3 _____ a description of the physical hazards that can accompany play
4 ______ a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play
5 ______ the possible effects that a reduction in play opportunities will have on humans
6 ______ the classes of animals for which play is important
Questions 7-9
Choose THREE letters A-F.
Write your answers in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet. The list below gives some ways of regarding play. Which THREE ways are mentioned by the writer of the text?
A a rehearsal for later adult activities
B a method animals use to prove themselves to their peer group
C an activity intended to build up strength for adulthood
D a means of communicating feelings
E a defensive strategy
F an activity assisting organ growth
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Questions 10-14
Look at the following researchers (Questions 10-14) and the list of findings below. Match each researcher with the correct finding. Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.
List of Findings
A There is a link between a specific substance in the brain and playing.
B Play provides input concerning physical surroundings
C Varieties of play can be matched to different stages of evolutionary history.
D There is a tendency for mammals with smaller brains to play less.
E Play is not a form of fitness training for the future.
F Some species of larger-brained birds engage in play.
G A wide range of activities are combined during play
H Play is a method of teaching survival techniques.
10 ________Robert Barton
11 _______Marc Bekoff
12 ________ John Byers
13 _________ Sergio Pellis
14 ________ Stephen Siviy
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Recommended Questions:
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Play is a serious business reading answers
1 H
2 F
3 A
4 H
5 I
6 B
7 A,C,F
8 A,F,C
9 A.C,F
10 B
11 G
12 E
13 D
14 A
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